OSP: Audience and Industries Marcus Rashford & Kim K

 Audience

1) Who are the potential target audiences for Marcus Rashford and Kim Kardashian's online content? Try and cover both demographics and psychographics.

Loads of people such as young Football Fans for Marcus Rashford, and Kim Kardashians audience are a range of people who are interested in beauty, fashion, and celebrity culture.

2) Marcus Rashford’s online presence is partly driven by his excellent use of social media. How does he use social media to engage with his fans and make them feel part of his brand?

By leveraging his platform for social activism and authentic connection.

3) What is Instagram engagement rate and what engagement rates do Marcus Rashford and Kim Kardashian have? 

The Instagram engagement rate measures how much an audience actively interacts with content through actions, e.g. through their likes, comments, and saves.

5) What audience pleasures are provided by Marcus Rashford's online presence? What about Kim Kardashian? Try and apply Blumler and Katz's Uses and Gratifications theory here. 

Blumler and Katz's Uses and Gratifications theory suggests that audiences actively select media to satisfy specific needs: information, personal identity, social interaction, and entertainment

6) Applying Stuart Hall's Reception theory, what would a preferred and oppositional reading of Marcus Rashford and Kim Kardashian's online presence be?

• Preferred reading (people who support Rashford/Kardashian): 
• Oppositional reading (people who criticise Rashford/Kardashian): 

Applying Stuart Hall's Reception theory, different audiences will decode the online presence of Marcus Rashford and Kim Kardashian based on their own social positions, cultural backgrounds, and personal beliefs.

Industries

1) What is Marcus Rashford and Kim Kardashian's net worth and how does their online presence help them to make money? 

Marcus Rashford has an estimated net worth of around £60-65 million ($75-80 million), while Kim Kardashian has an estimated net worth of $1.7 billion. Their online presence contributes significantly to their wealth by enabling brand endorsements. 

2) What companies/brands are Rashford and Kardashian associated with? Why might they want to be linked to those celebrities?

Marcus Rashford is primarily associated with Nike, which he has partnered with since he was 11 and for which he has a signature collection, along with past or project-based associations with brands like Burberry, Levi's, and NatWest. Kim Kardashian is the founder of the multi-billion dollar shapewear and clothing brand Skims, the skincare and beauty brand SKKN by Kim, and previously other ventures like KKW Beauty and fragrances.

3) Research Twitter/X and Instagram. Who owns the companies, how do they make money and how much profit did they make last year?

X (formerly Twitter) is owned by Elon Musk , which makes money primarily through advertising, data licensing, and subscriptions, but has experienced a significant drop in profit.

4) What are the worries about Instagram’s negative effects?

Worries about Instagram's negative effects include worsened body image issues, anxiety, and depression, especially among young people, due to unrealistic, curated images.

5) How do social media platforms manage online abuse on their platforms and why has Marcus Rashford drawn attention to this? How might this change in the future?

Social media platforms use a combination of automated tools and human moderators to manage online abuse, but these efforts have been insufficient, leading marcus rashford  to highlight the issue and advocate for stricter measures like immediate account deactivation and stronger government regulation.

6) What happened by law in 2022 that changed the way the internet is regulated? Write three changes that this new law may bring in and explain why it is difficult to regulate the internet.

 is a new set of laws that protects children and adults online. It puts a range of new duties on social media companies and search services, making them more responsible for their users’ safety on their platforms.